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Finch Color Variations

The colors in the feathers of a bird are formed in two different ways: from pigments and/or from light refraction, which is caused by the structure of the feather. Carotenoids (red and yellow pigments) are responsible for most of the red, orange and yellow colors seen in birds. Pigment melanin which has two forms: eumelanin (black or dark brown) and phaeomelanin (reddish brown) produce colors ranging from the darkest black to reddish browns and pale yellows. The resulting color depends on the combination and concentration of each pigment, and also on the aspects of the feather structure which contribute to the visible coloration.

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The process of producing that specific structure and pigmentation is under genetic control. The original gene is called the Wild Type Gene and any change from the wild type is called a Mutation. A mutant can differ in both major and minor ways from the wild type. Mutation is extremely rare event, but while occurred, it can spread in the wild population. So, there is always possibility that captive bird carries some kind of mutation. It is inbreeding, the breeding between close relatives - that allows mutation to be manifested. Inbreeding decreases genetic diversity, which is bad for brood viability in whole but increases the possibility of mutations to pop up. The art of breeding is to select color mutation of interest while keep the descendents healthy and reproductive consistent.

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The original population of Shafttail Finches inhabited the north of Australia and was separated by the Kimberley Plateau - Arnhem Land Barrier, resulting in two geographically and morphologically different populations corresponding to the subspecies  Poephila acuticauda acuticauda and Poephila acuticauda hecki. Heck's Shafttail (P.a. hecki) has a remarkable red bill and the P. a. acuticauda has a yellow bill. The subspecies have often been crossbred in captivity, and the bill color of hybrids ranges from orange to coral red. The pure lines of each subspecies are hard to find in US aviculture.

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Any mutant being analyzed should be compared with the ancestral wild type, a.k.a. normal or wild type. The wild type adult Shafttail Finch is 7" (18 cm) in length, including the tail feathers. The head (crown) is a silver-gray. The lore, the region on a bird’s head between the eye and the bill, is black. The throat bib, or the vivid patch under a bird’s bill, is also black. The tapering tail is black and rather long, separating into two central shafts. The lower part of the tail is white. The stripes along the leg area, trouser stripes, are black. The back and flight feathers are brownish in coloration. The chest and the belly are a whitish brown. The eyes are black and the legs are bright pink with an orange-red tint.

Normal Shafttail male

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Breeding Season Diary
Color Mutations
Fawn Mutation
Creamino Mutation
Isabelle Mutation
Albino Mutation

 

The youth represent a duller version of the adult. The bill is black or very dark gray, the lore is brown. The throat bib is smaller and dark brown. The tail is shorter and does not carry the long central feathers.

Normal juvenile Shafttail finches

Color Genetics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

We raise four plumage color mutations: Fawn, Isabelle, Creamino, and Albino. The main differences between the color mutations are given in the table below. There are also Pied and Gray shafttail’s color mutations that I would like to keep but they are even more rare. Please click here for more info.

 
 
 

Normal Shafttail finch Fawn Shafttail finch Creamino Shafttail finch Isabelle Shafttail finch Albino Shafttail finch

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 

Bird color

Head (crown)

Eye

Lore

Throat bib

Chest

Back

Flight feathers

Trouser stripe

Tail feathers

Normal (wild type)

silver-gray black black black grayish brown brownish brownish black black

Fawn

silver-gray

black

brown

brown

grayish brown

brownish brownish

brown

dark brown

Creamino

beige-grayish

red

beige-rusty

beige-rusty

beige

beige

beige

beige-rusty

rusty

Isabelle

beige-gray

dark brown

dark brown

brown

beige-rusty

brownish

beige-rusty

dark brown

dark brown

Albino

white

red

white

yellowish white

white white white white white
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
        Some members of my flock
 

Normal juvenile Shafttail finch Normal juvenile & Albino Shafttail finches

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Isabelle & Fawn Shafttail finches Fawn & Albino Shafttail finches

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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